Brick-kiln



(NoV Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1..

A. B. BORNE. BRICK KILN.

No. 493,930. Patented Mar. 21, 1893.

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ABRAM B. I-IORNE, OF LOGAN, OHIO.

BRICK-KILN.

SPECIFICATION forming' part of Letters Patent N0. 493,930, dated March 21, 1893.

Application filed June 20, 1892. Serial No. 437,356. (No model.)

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, ABRAM B. HORNE, a citizen of the United States, residing at Logan, in the county of Hocking and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Kilns; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates generally to kilns for burning brick, tile, pottery, and other` clay products, but more particularly to what are known as down-draft kilns.

One object of my invention is to simplify and cheapen the construction of such kilns so as to increase their capacity and durability.

Another object is to secure a more thorough distribution and utilization of the heat so that the goods shall be more evenly, quickly, and cleanly burned, and without increasing the amount of fuel consumed.

To these ends my invention consists princi-' pally of an improved construction of floor and manner of connecting the flues thereof.

It also consists in other details of construction, all of which are hereinafter fully described and defined in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a horizontal sectional view taken on a plane passing through the system of flues. Fig. 2 is a horizontal section taken on a plane above the floor of the kiln. Fig. 3 is a vertical section taken on the line oc-- of Fig. l. Fig. 4. is a sectional view illustrating a furnace, a lire bag, and fresh air iiues. Fig. 5 is a horizontal sectional view taken on a plane passing through a system of iues of a kiln e1nbodying my improvements as constructed when several kilns have a common draft stack.

In the figures shown the letter A designates the superstructure of a kiln, and B the floor. Located in the center of the floor is the draft pitCfrom which radiate eight lines d that are covered tightly from the central pit to the point where they enter the octagonal concentric flue or channel b so that no sand or dbris can fall into said tlues a and impede the free circulation of the products of combustion. Extending from points opposite the ends of iues d in the octagonal channelb to the wall are spaces or channeled. In the walls at the extremities of the fines a not connected with the doors c I form recesses or panels d. The arching over the central draft pit C has a number of openings m for the passage of the products of combustion. Upon the iioor are constructed parallel stringers S each having a series of openings o for the free passage of the heat. These openings in the stringers are preferably staggered with respect to each other so as to insure a complete circulation and commingling of the products of combustion. The channels b and d are open at their upper sides, and to prevent sand and dbris from falling into them the spaces between the stringers where they span said channels are corbeled, as shown at fr. The spaces between the stringers where they extend over thecentral draft pit is also corbeled so as to prevent sand, dac., from falling into said pit.

Fire boxes D, with tire bags E, are arranged at suitable intervals around the kiln. rIhe tire bags have openings in their tops, fronts, and sides. A fresh air iiue h leads from beneath the grate into the lower part of the .fire bags, and a similar flue i conducts fresh air from the exterior of the kiln into the upper part of the fire box. Other flues k open above the fire bags. The purpose of these several iiues is to supply the air at such points as will insure a thorough combustion of the smoke and other objectionable substances in the products of combustion, and also to temper the heat at its point of entrance to the kiln and thereby prevent a rapid destruction of the crown and walls.

In Fig. l, which illustrates an isolated kiln, four draft stacks are connected with the flues d, and by means of, openings or recesses d with the interior of the kiln.

D designates a single steel band which encircles the wall of the kiln near its top to sustain and strengthen the crown.

The usual doors c are provided.

In Fig. 6 a iiue F connects the central draft pit C with a stack that may serve as a common exit for the products of combustion from several kilns.

Where the stringere span the channels b and d they will be supported by suitable masonry b built up from the bottom of the channels.

In operation, the heated products of cornbustion pass through the openings in the fire bags into the kiln, through the openings fm into the central draft pit C, through the recesses d in the wall into the iiues of the floor, and thence to the draft stack. In its passage from the fire bag the products of combustion spread thoroughly and equally through all the articles in the kiln, thus insuring uniforinity in the character of the work. From my construction it is also clear that nearly the whole of the interior of the kiln is made available for the reception of goods to be burned. The lines cannot become clogged with sand or rubbish, and the floor is readily cleaned.

What I claim, and desi-re to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a kiln, a floor having a central drafty pit C, a channel b open at its upper side and extending around the door near the outer wall, flues a entirely closed at the upper side radiating from the ccntraldraft pit and connecting said pit and channel b, fines a" extending from the channel b tothe walls, recesses d connecting the flues ct With the interior of the kiln, and an exit draft opening for the` system of iiues, substantiallyas shown and described.

2. In a kiln, a fioor having a central draft pit C with openings at its top, a channel b open at its upper side and extending around the oor near the outer wall, dues a entirely closed at their upper sides radiating from the central draft pit and connecting said pit with said channel, flues a extending from the channel b to the walls, recesses cl connecting the outer ends of dues a with the interior of the kiln, stringers S on the door, and corbelingan between said stringers where they span the open channel b and the upper side of the central draft pit, substantially as shown and for the purpose described.

3. In a kiln, a floor having a central draft .pit C with openings in its upper side, a channel b open at its upper side and extending around the floor near the outer wall, iiues a entirely closed at their upper sides connecting the pit C and the channel b, stringers S on the floor having free vair spaces at their under sides, and corbeling 'r between said stringers where theyspan the open channel b and pit C, substantially as shown and for the purpose described.

4. In akiln, a fire box and a re bag, the latter having openings at its top, front, and sides, and the former having fresh air fines leading into the lower part of the dre-bag and fresh air dues opening above the fire bag, substantially asshown, whereby athorough coinbustion of the fuel is effected as set forth.

' In testimony whereof I 'affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

ABRAMy B. HORNE.v

Witnesses:

W. F. BOWEN, JOHN HAUsEN. 

